Starship prototype tests can generally be classified into three main types. A full-scale orbital test flight of the rocket is expected to take place in 2023.
The last of the seven, a full-size Starship SN15, successfully landed after reaching an altitude of 10 kilometers (6.2 mi). Seven of Starship's upper stage prototypes were flight tested between August 2020 and May 2021. The first prototype, Starhopper, performed several static fires and low-altitude flights.
SPACESHIP INTERIOR SERIES
Starship's development is iterative and incremental, using tests on a series of rocket prototypes. Main article: SpaceX Starship development In April 2018, the mayor of Los Angeles confirmed plans for a BFR rocket production facility at the Port of Los Angeles, but the plan was abandoned around May 2020. Variants of the BFR could send satellites to orbit, resupply the International Space Station, land on the Moon, travel between spaceports on Earth, and send humans to Mars. The BFR would still be fully reusable, but shrunk down and with a low Earth orbit capacity of 150 t (330,000 lb). In September 2017, at the 68th International Astronautical Congress, Musk presented a revision to the Interplanetary Transport System, called the Big Falcon Rocket (BFR) launch vehicle. The Interplanetary Transport System concept was criticized for requiring an unreasonable amount of development and public funds. The spacecraft would come in three variants: crew, cargo, and propellant tanker for in-orbit refueling. Despite the rocket's 300 t (660,000 lb) launch capacity to low Earth orbit, Musk said, its launch price could be reduced because of its ability to be repeatedly reused. Musk announced a proposed Interplanetary Transport System launch vehicle using the Raptor engines, with the two stages' tanks made from carbon composite for storing liquid methane and liquid oxygen. On 26 September 2016, the Raptor engine was fired for the first time. SpaceX illustration of the 2016 Interplanetary Transport System As of February 2023, the date for the planned first orbital flight test has been announced for March 2023. The development program for Starship since 2019 follows an iterative and incremental approach, involving frequent prototype construction, testing, and refinement, including low and high-altitude flight tests. The methane–oxygen engines were in development by 2012 and the plan was announced publicly for the first time in 2016. Plans to create a heavy-lift launch vehicle at SpaceX date back to 2005. Proposed applications for Starship include regular crewed and cargo launches, building the Starlink internet constellation, and performing suborbital point-to-point flights on Earth.
The spacecraft is planned to be refuelable in orbit before traveling to destinations that require more change in velocity ( delta- v budget), such as the Moon and Mars. In its fully reusable configuration, Starship is planned to have a payload capacity of 150 t (330,000 lb) to low Earth orbit and is designed to be flown multiple times to spread out the cost of the spacecraft. Both rocket stages are designed to be reused by landing vertically at the launch pad or at a separate platform. Both stages are powered by Raptor engines that burn liquid oxygen and liquid methane propellants in a highly efficient, full-flow staged combustion power cycle. The second stage functions as a self-contained spacecraft for carrying crew or cargo once in orbit. The Starship launch vehicle is made up of the Super Heavy first-stage booster and the Starship second stage. Partially and fully expendable variants may also be developed. Standing 120 m (390 ft) tall and with more than twice the thrust of the Saturn V, it is designed to be the tallest and most powerful launch vehicle ever built, and the first capable of total reusability. Starship is a fully reusable super heavy-lift launch vehicle under development by SpaceX.
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